Functions, Finally, and Custom Exceptions
نشر بتاريخ 2024-07-19 05:16:31
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12كيلو بايت
These three concepts are essential for writing robust and maintainable Python code. Here's a breakdown of each:
Functions:
- Reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task.
- Defined using the
defkeyword followed by the function name and parentheses. - Can take arguments (inputs) and return values (outputs).
- Promote code modularity and reusability.
Example:
Python
def greet(name):
"""Prints a greeting message."""
print(f"Hello, {name}!")
greet("Alice") # Output: Hello, Alice!
Finally:
- A block of code that always executes, regardless of whether an exception occurs in the
tryblock. - Used for essential tasks like closing files or releasing resources.
- Ensures these tasks are completed even if an error happens.
Example:
Python
try:
# Code that might raise an exception
with open("data.txt", "r") as file:
data = file.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Error: File not found")
finally:
# Always executed, even if there's no exception
print("File closed")
Custom Exceptions:
- User-defined exceptions to handle specific errors in your program.
- Inherit from the built-in
Exceptionclass. - Provide informative error messages and allow for specific handling.
Example:
Python
class InvalidAgeError(Exception):
"""Raised when an invalid age is provided."""
pass
def check_age(age):
if age < 0:
raise InvalidAgeError("Age cannot be negative")
# Rest of the code
try:
check_age(-5)
except InvalidAgeError as e:
print(f"Error: {e}")
Key Points:
- Functions help organize code and improve readability.
finallyensures critical tasks are executed.- Custom exceptions provide better error handling and clarity.
By effectively using these concepts, you can write more robust and maintainable Python applications.
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